The national language of the Baloch is Balochi. In Balochistan, their second-most commonly spoken language is Brahui, a language of unknown origins with many Iranic (mainly Balochi) loanwords. Brahui has been hypothesized to have been of proto-Dravidian origin^. Recent studies on the origins and affinities of Brahui mostly confirms a relationship with Dravidian in general, and with North Dravidian in particular.

The Baloch do not only live in Balochistan, but can also be found in Sindh and Southern Punjab of Pakistan, in Southern Afghanistan, Eastern Iran, the Persian Gulf states and in the Mari region of Turkmenistan. There are also Baloch who migrated to the East African coast and still live in towns such as Mombasa and Dar es Salaam. The Baloch Talpur Leghari ruled Sindh before the British annexation of Sindh to the British Raj. The Baloch in Sindh, South Punjab can speak four languages: Balochi, Sindhi, Panjabi and Saraiki.

Baloch society is divided in several tribes and sub-tribes. Some of these tribes speak Brahui, while most speak Balochi. Multilingualism is common, with many Baloch speaking both Brahui and Balochi, while some, such as Jamalis, speak Sindhi and Siraiki as well. The Marri tribe and the Bugti tribe speak Balochi. The Mengal tribe, who live in Chagai, Khuzdar, Kharan and in southern parts of Afghanistan, speak Brahui. The Lango tribe, who live in central Balochistan in the Mangochar area, speak Balochi as their first language and Brahui as their second. The Bizenjo tribe living in the Khuzdar, Nal, and parts of Makkura, along with the Muhammadsanis, speak both languages. The Bangulzai tribe mostly speaks Brahui, but has a Balochi-speaking minority (known as Garanis).